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OCR: To the north and west of Iran are the five central Asian republics of the old USSR - Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan and Kirghizia. Much of this region is a basin which slopes down to the Caspian Sea in the West, and is fringed by mountain ranges. The main deserts are the Kara Kum (Black Sands) in Turkmenistan and the Kyzyl Kum (Red Sands) of Uzbekistan. The northern areas are steppes which lose much of their vegetation in the summer heat. Only the hardiest plants survive in the southern deserts, including tamarisks and small bushy shrubs. These deserts have cold